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Is It Really Dangerous to Clean My Ears with Cotton Swabs?

A couple of cotton swabs

Is it really dangerous to clean ears with cotton swabs?

We've all heard that cotton swabs shouldn't be used to clean our ears, but so many of us still reach for one the second we think we have a buildup of earwax or some water stuck in our ear.

Are the rumors true?

Is it actually dangerous to use cotton swabs in our ears?

And if so, what are we supposed to do instead?

To find out, we talked to otologist (ear specialist) Dr. Yu-Tung Wong.

Headshot for Yu-Tung Wong, MD

Yu-Tung Wong, MD

Otolaryngology, Neurotology

Yu-Tung Wong, MD

Otolaryngology, Neurotology
Accepting New Patients
In-person Visits
Accepting New Patients

Q: Can I use cotton swabs to clean my ears?

Dr. Wong: No! It says so right on the back of the box: DO NOT USE IN EARS!

Using a cotton swab like a plunger in the ear canal pushes earwax deeper and deeper in. One problem is that if you push the wax deeper inside, there's no way for the wax to get swept out of the ear.

Also, cotton swabs can cause punctured ear drums and hearing loss. In severe cases, the cotton swab can damage many sensitive structures behind the ear canal and cause complete deafness, prolonged vertigo with nausea and vomiting, loss of taste function, and even facial paralysis.


"Accidents are called accidents for a reason."


Q: What if I only use cotton swabs in the outer part of my ears?

Dr. Wong: Every patient who uses cotton swabs emphasizes that they are very careful about limiting the depth of insertion. However, accidents are called accidents for a reason.

A patient was recently referred to me after she put a cotton swab in her ear and accidentally bumped it, pushing the swab deep into the ear canal, which caused immediate pain and bleeding. Her ear drum was almost completely destroyed, with only a tiny sliver remaining.

Fortunately, her internal hearing organs were not damaged, so we can perform surgery to replace her ear drum and improve her hearing. If the cotton swab had gone a few millimeters deeper, she may have lost all of her hearing permanently.



Q: So what's the best way to remove earwax?

Dr. Wong: Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance that your body makes and has many beneficial properties—it is slightly acidic, which helps fight bacteria and fungus in the ear, and it's slightly oily, which provides a waterproof barrier for the ear canal skin.

You usually don't need to ever clean wax out of your ears because there's a natural cleaning system in the ear canal that sweeps earwax out like a conveyor belt. Even if there is a lot of wax, you can have up to 90% of your ear canal blocked and still be able to hear clearly, since you only need a small pinhole for sound to travel through.

In some situations, the ear does make an excessive amount of wax or earwax buildup occurs for some other reason. In those cases, primary care physicians often use an ear lavage, where warm water is flushed into the ear canal to gently wash away the wax. This works well for many patients, but physicians take particular caution if the patient has a hole in the ear drum or an active infection, as excess water can cause pain and drainage.



Q: What about the earwax removal products I see at the pharmacy?

Dr. Wong: Several home-care earwax systems use a gentle liquid in a syringe to flush out the ear canal. While generally safe to use, these home-care systems sometimes cause earwax to melt, and then residual earwax can re-solidify inside the ear canal like cement against the ear drum.

Such cases require careful removal by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) provider. In our ENT office, we use a magnifying scope and tiny micro-instruments to gently peel the earwax away from the ear drum without damaging the underlying structures. Our ENT physicians and physician assistants are trained to locate and remove earwax safely.